The results of a 30-month study of the use of force by the Tulsa Police Department showed that officers used force in only 1.7% of arrests. And the study showed that race was not necessarily a factor in arrests where force was used.

The report, by the International Association of Chiefs of Police and The University of Cincinnati Center for Police Research looked at 31,950 arrests from January 2016 through June 2018 and was based on data supplied by Tulsa police.

The study was conducted by researchers from The University of Texas-San Antonio Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. The study showed that force was not more likely to be used against minorities than white people in similar situations.

Police officers used force against 642 people and 52% were white, 35% were black, 8% were Hispanic and 3% were from other racial categories.

The report stands in contrast with the so-called “Equality Indicators” because it used actual arrests instead of total population numbers. According to the study, 32% of use-of-force incidents involved stun guns, 4% involved firearms, 16% involved pepper spray, and 28% involved the use of police dogs.